What is the process of returning a computer to its factory settings called?

The process of returning a computer to its factory settings is referred to as restoring. This typically involves erasing all configurations and data on the machine and setting it back to the state it was in when it first left the factory. During this process, only the original operating system, drivers, and pre-installed software are retained, while any personal files, custom settings, and additional software are removed.

Restoring a computer to factory settings can be useful for troubleshooting, preparing the system for a new user, or resolving system performance issues. It effectively removes all user-specific data and settings, which is often essential when dealing with persistent software issues or when a complete system refresh is needed.

Other terms such as reformatting and re-imaging refer to different processes. Reformatting typically pertains to the process of erasing and preparing storage media, while re-imaging involves creating and restoring a complete snapshot of a system's current state, not necessarily returning it to factory settings as restoring does. Resetting can also imply a less comprehensive approach, where certain settings or configurations are reset but not necessarily a full return to factory condition.