Video adapters, printers, sound cards, and card readers all require what to function properly?

The correct answer is that video adapters, printers, sound cards, and card readers all require drivers to function properly. Drivers are specialized software components that allow the operating system to communicate with hardware devices. Each device has unique capabilities and functionalities, and drivers provide the necessary instructions for the operating system to control these devices effectively.

When you install a new piece of hardware, the operating system typically needs a driver to interpret the commands and data sent to and from that device. Without the appropriate driver, the hardware may not operate correctly, may not be recognized by the operating system, or could lack full functionality.

In contrast, applications are software programs that perform specific tasks for users but do not directly control hardware. APIs, or application programming interfaces, serve as a set of protocols for building software and applications but do not interact directly with hardware devices like drivers do. Utilities are tools that help manage, maintain, or control computer resources and can sometimes serve as supplementary software but are not essential components for the basic functionality of hardware.

Thus, drivers are essential for ensuring that peripherals and other devices can effectively communicate and function within the computer system.